首先设计Course和Student类，分别包含课程与学生的基本属性，并通过CourseRegistrationService管理报名逻辑；利用map存储课程和学生信息，实现报名、退课与查询功能；在报名时检查课程是否已满、学生是否重复报名，确保数据一致性；最后通过测试用例验证系统正确性。该方案适用于小型应用，具备清晰的结构与完整的边界处理。
实现课程报名管理功能，核心是设计好数据模型和业务逻辑。Java中可以通过面向对象的方式构建课程、学生和报名关系，并结合集合类来管理数据。以下是具体实现思路和代码示例。
定义课程和学生类
先创建两个基础类：Course（课程）和Student（学生），用于表示基本实体。
- Course 包含课程ID、名称、最大容量等属性
- Student 包含学号、姓名等信息
示例代码：
class Course { private String courseId; private String name; private int maxStudents; private List<Student> enrolledStudents; <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">public Course(String courseId, String name, int maxStudents) { this.courseId = courseId; this.name = name; this.maxStudents = maxStudents; this.enrolledStudents = new ArrayList<>(); } // getter 方法 public String getCourseId() { return courseId; } public String getName() { return name; } public int getMaxStudents() { return maxStudents; } public List<Student> getEnrolledStudents() { return enrolledStudents; } public int getCurrentEnrollment() { return enrolledStudents.size(); } public boolean isFull() { return getCurrentEnrollment() >= maxStudents; }
}
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class Student { private String studentId; private String name;
public Student(String studentId, String name) { this.studentId = studentId; this.name = name; } // getter 方法 public String getStudentId() { return studentId; } public String getName() { return name; } public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (!(o instanceof Student)) return false; Student s = (Student) o; return studentId.equals(s.studentId); } public int hashCode() { return studentId.hashCode(); }
}
实现报名管理服务
创建一个 CourseRegistrationService 类来处理报名逻辑，包括添加学生、取消报名、查询状态等功能。
- 使用 Map 存储所有课程，便于通过 ID 查找
- 报名时检查课程是否已满或学生是否重复报名
示例代码：
class CourseRegistrationService { private Map<String, Course> courses; private Map<String, Student> students; <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;">public CourseRegistrationService() { this.courses = new HashMap<>(); this.students = new HashMap<>(); } public void addCourse(Course course) { courses.put(course.getCourseId(), course); } public void addStudent(Student student) { students.put(student.getStudentId(), student); } public boolean registerStudent(String courseId, String studentId) { Course course = courses.get(courseId); Student student = students.get(studentId); if (course == null || student == null) { System.out.println("课程或学生不存在"); return false; } if (course.isFull()) { System.out.println("课程 " + course.getName() + " 已满"); return false; } if (course.getEnrolledStudents().contains(student)) { System.out.println("该学生已报名此课程"); return false; } course.getEnrolledStudents().add(student); System.out.println(student.getName() + " 成功报名 " + course.getName()); return true; } public boolean unregisterStudent(String courseId, String studentId) { Course course = courses.get(courseId); Student student = students.get(studentId); if (course != null && student != null) { if (course.getEnrolledStudents().remove(student)) { System.out.println(student.getName() + " 已退出 " + course.getName()); return true; } else { System.out.println("该学生未报名此课程"); } } else { System.out.println("课程或学生不存在"); } return false; } public void printCourseInfo(String courseId) { Course course = courses.get(courseId); if (course != null) { System.out.println("课程: " + course.getName()); System.out.println("已报名人数: " + course.getCurrentEnrollment() + "/" + course.getMaxStudents()); System.out.println("学员列表:"); for (Student s : course.getEnrolledStudents()) { System.out.println(" - " + s.getName() + " (" + s.getStudentId() + ")"); } } else { System.out.println("课程不存在"); } }
}
测试与使用示例
编写主程序验证功能是否正常运行。
public class RegistrationDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { CourseRegistrationService service = new CourseRegistrationService(); <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false;"> // 创建课程 Course javaCourse = new Course("C001", "java编程", 2); Course webCourse = new Course("C002", "Web开发", 3); // 创建学生 Student s1 = new Student("S001", "张三"); Student s2 = new Student("S002", "李四"); Student s3 = new Student("S003", "王五"); // 注册课程和学生 service.addCourse(javaCourse); service.addCourse(webCourse); service.addStudent(s1); service.addStudent(s2); service.addStudent(s3); // 报名操作 service.registerStudent("C001", "S001"); service.registerStudent("C001", "S002"); service.registerStudent("C001", "S003"); // 应提示已满 service.registerStudent("C002", "S001"); service.registerStudent("C002", "S002"); // 打印信息 service.printCourseInfo("C001"); service.printCourseInfo("C002"); }
}
基本上就这些。这个实现适合小型系统，如果需要持久化，可以引入数据库或文件存储。关键点在于控制报名边界条件，比如重复报名、超员等情况的处理。结构清晰、逻辑完整就能稳定运行。